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KUCURA IN THE PAST
AND IN THE PRESENT
SUMMARY
Kucura
is situated in a flat area, favourable for agriculture, area in the south of
the Panonian Plain, between the Danube and Tisa rivers.
The
oldest data on the village of Kucura are found in records dating from 1543 and
1590. At that time Kucura was populated by Orthodox Serbs. According to the
legend Kucura derives its name from an answer “Kod cura” (“To girls”) which was
given by young men who used to go to see the fishermen`s daughters. The answer
was eventually shortened to “Ko(d) cura” > “Kucura”.
After defeating the Turks and
expelling them from Bačka, Srem and Banat, the Austria-Hungarian
authorities needed to repopulate the south of their state. That is why the
Rusyns (Ruthenians) were colonized in these parts in the middle of the 18th
century. An agreement of Rusyns settling in Kucura was signed in 1763. Rusyns
came from the crests of the Carpathian Mountains as Uniates. Orthodox Rusyns
had been brought closer to the official
Roman Catholic state religion between 1596 and 1646. Persued by their
wish for a better life the Germans and Hungarians came to Kucura at the end of
the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century.
Rusyns, Germans and Hungarians founded schools soon after foundation of their
houses and churches. In the middle of the 20th century, after the
Second World War, the Serbs settled in Kucura as well. According to the 1991
census Kucura had 4714 inhabitants - 2462 Rusyns, 1499 Serbs, 369 Hungarians
and others. Although heterogenous the population is characteristic for its
homogeneous national co-relations. Even today, they respect the customs,
language and culture of others while nourishing their own. Kucura is a proof
that differences do not separate but make people closer and more familiar to
each other. Teaching in the pre-schooling institution “Boško Buha” and in the
primary school “Brotherhood and Unity” is carried out in Serbian and in Rusyn. Hungarian is also taught in the Kucura primary school, as an
elective subject.
The book Kucura in the Past and in the Present contains the following
chapters: 1. History of Kucura; 2. Economy of Kucura; 3. Religious Life of
Kucura; 4. Education in Kucura; 5. Health Care, Public Welfare, Invalid and Retired Persons
Care, Fire and Veterinary Services; 6. Culture; 7.
Physical Culture and Sport; 8. Hunting and Fishing;
9. Attachments and 10. Kucura in the Past and in the Present - in Words and
Photographs. Chapters 1-8 present various facts on the given topics in an
encyclopedic way of writing. Each chapter is followed by a list of sources
used. Chapter 9 consists of the following attachments: a) the list of the first
families living in Kucura; b) the list of farm (salaš) owners; c) the guest list of the 40th anniversary of the
Colonization; d) the list of the members of
the Honourary Board 250; e) the maps of Kucura in the past and in the present.
Chapter 10 offers two additional insights into the past or/and into the present
of Kucura. The first insight is provided by Vladimir Sabo Dajko`s narrative on
life in Kucura mostly in the 19th century, and the other by a rich
photo-album. As a matter of fact the photo album consists of two albums. The
first one is black and white, the other is in colour. The effort was made to do
so because the previous publications (A
Rainbow Above Kucura, Brought Out of Oblivion, The Theatre Life of Kucura)
failed to include the advantages of colour photographs. These two albums
present the past and the present of Kucura in a new way unexperienced by the
reader so far.
The book is mainly bilingual
(Serbian-Rusyn) as the majority of Kucura`s inhabitants is. Apart from Serbian
and Rusyn, Hungarian and German are included too. This was an additional
attempt to show that Kucura represents an interesting mixture not only of
religions, cultures and customs, but also of languages and alphabets as well.
We hope that the first publication of
this kind will give an overview of Kucura, which is its main goal. We are aware
that the texts provide only basic information and a reader can by no means be
provided with all the desired details in any of the chapters. We expect that Kucura in the Past and in the Present
will give an impulse for the publishing of several new books on various topics.
The members of the Board are prepared to fill in the gaps - with God`s help and
for Kucura`s
undying fame.
The members of Editorial Board joined
their creative energy in order to dedicate this unique description of Kucura to
the 2000th anniversary of Christianity.
Editorial
Board